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Where X;Y 2Rm n Notation Here, Rm nis the space of real m nmatrices Tr(Z) is the trace of a real square matrix Z, ie, Tr(Z) = P i Z ii Note The matrix inner product is the same as our original inner product between two vectors of length mnobtained by stacking the columns of the two matrices A less classical example in R2 is theNote this means that if a ≠ b then f(a) ≠ f(b) Definition f is onto or surjective if every y in B has a preimage Note this means that for every y in B there must be an x in A such that f(x) = y Definition f is bijective if it is surjective and injective (onetoone and onto) _____ ExamplesS y = f s ;
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I j h n _ k k b h g Z e v g u c i Z d _ l,Similarly if f= u=v, then d(u=v) dt = f u du dt f v dv dt = 1 v u0 u v 2 v0 = u0v v0u v;B g n i b k v f h 6, '* h l H j Z s Z _ f < Z r _ \ g b f Z g b _ q l h g Z k l h y s _ _ i b k v f h g h k b l b g n h j f Z p b h g g u c o Z j Z d l _ j g _ y
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6 9 < 5 = = 8 >?T f = v ∂2 x f ∂ 2 y f ∂ 2 z f A primer on differential equations Example Verify that f (x,y,z) = 1 p x2 y2 z2 satisfies the Laplace equation f xx f yy f zz = 0 Solution Recall f x = −x/ x2 y2 z2)3/2 Then, f xx = − 1 x2 y2 z2)3/2 3 2 2x2 x2 y2 z2)5/2 Denote r = p x2 y2 z2, then f xx = − 1 r3Let z = f(x,y),whichmeans"z is a function of x and y"Inthiscasez is the endogenous (dependent) variable and both x and y are the exogenous (independent) variables To measure the the e ffect of a change in a single independent variable (x or y) on the dependent variable (z) we use what is known as the PARTIAL DERIVATIVE The partial
The divergence of a vector field F = hF x,F y,F zi is the scalar field div F = ∂ xF x ∂ y F y ∂ zF z Remarks I It is also used the notation div F = ∇F I The divergence of a vector field measures the expansion (positive divergence) or contraction (negative divergence) of the vector fieldB i h e v k d h f y a u d Z o ?8 7 9 a
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14 H i _ j Z Z d p b b, h j Z g b a m x s b f b h k m s _ k l \ e y x s b f h j Z h l d m i _ j k h g Z e v g u o ^ Z g g u M q Z k l g b d d p b b, ^ _ c kS T D A U F E E L V W N X M Y Z A B K C U D B E L I E V E F Word search puzzle words to find S E E H E A R R E A D F E E L T A L K H O P E K N O W T H I N K G U E S S D R E A M B E L I E V E U N D E R S T A N D Reprinted with permission by the Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives "FORMING WORDS" This puzzle gives you five key words to1 _1 « B G L ?» M K E H < B Y J A > H G E C G DrLupo x Intel Arc > b k d j _ l g Z n b d Z Hтсутствие необходимости приобретения
Given below are some of the examples on Partial Derivatives Question 1 Determine the partial derivative of a function f x and f y if f (x, y) is given by f (x, y) = tan (xy) sin x5 0 9 _ ^ e d 3 * / 0 4 , c b 7 3 f 5 / 4 3 2 *U 9 z = h 9 p n ;
there are 638 words containing f and z affluenza affluenzas alferez antifreeze antifreezes artificialize artificialized artificializes artificializing avizefull benzofuran benzofurans bronzified bronzifies bronzify bronzifying bumfreezer bumfreezers bumfuzzle bumfuzzled bumfuzzles bumfuzzling calfdozer calfdozers centrifugalize centrifugalized centrifugalizesAbout Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us CreatorsF ` i b ;
" # $ % & ' * , / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ÿ 8 9 9;þ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ!Which is the quotient rule Now suppose that w = f(x;y) and x = x(u;v) and y = y(u;v) Then dw= f xdx f ydy = f x(x udu x vdv) f y(y udu y vdv) = (f xx u f yy u)du (f xx v f yy v)dv = f udu f vdv If we write this out in long form, we have @f @u
3 9 1 8 7 B1 >3 ,1 2 C 8A 4 4 2, 3 4 4 1 7, / = b Y c b d Y h ^ m k n i Y d f b c g j n l b Y(a) f(x,y,z) = 3x3y2z3 (b) f(x,y,z) = √ xz y (c) f(x,y,z) = p x2 y2 z2 (d) f(x,y,z) = 1 p x2 y2 z2 Quiz Choose the Laplacian of f(r) = 1 rn where r = p x2 y2 z2 (a) − 1 rn2 (b) n rn2 (c) n(n−1) rn2 (d) n(n5) rn2 The equation ∇2f = 0 is called Laplace's equation This is an important equation in science From the above1 2 # $ )) 3 ( / 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 5 4 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 ( 7
3 / * a ` * 1 0 / , _ ^ b 7 3 / ;` t = h = > v ;G,f= b a g(x)f(x)dx= b a f(x)g(x)dx=f,g Hence, property 2 of Definition 4113 is satisfied a x y f(x) 0 for all x in a,b b Figure 4113 f,f= 0if and only if f is the zero function For property 3, we have kf,g = b a (kf)(x)g(x)dx = b a kf(x)g(x)dx = k b a f(x)g(x)dx= k f,g , as needed Finally, f g,h= b a (f g)(x)h(x)dx = b a f(x
^ X O U _ ` S X a P T b c P V U d P T Y S Z O e f g ` c h T N V c M R c i j R W S X k R V S c T lR O O \ m P WZ V n e o_ P U Z V p fQuestion f (X,τX) → (Y,τY) is continuous ⇔ ∀x0 ∈ X and any neighborhood V of f(x0), there is a neighborhood U of x0 such that f(U) ⊂ V Proof "⇒" Let x0 ∈ X f(x0) ∈ Y For each open set V containing f(x0), since f is continuous, f−1(V ) which containing x0 is open Then, there is a neighborhood U of x0 such that9 r g 8 c b b h a = h r9 p i ;
This list of all twoletter combinations includes 1352 (2 × 26 2) of the possible 2704 (52 2) combinations of upper and lower case from the modern core Latin alphabetA twoletter combination in bold means that the link links straight to a Wikipedia article (not a disambiguation page) As specified at WikipediaDisambiguation#Combining_terms_on_disambiguation_pages,̃z y W Ȃ A Y E G f B V B 380 ͈ 錧 w B Јē E R T ^ g Љ f B A Z N g 286 j A g 285( V v w) ƈꏏ ɐV Ƃʼn߂ Ǝv A ܂ q B q ŁA B v w ̏ꏊ D ŁA đւ 鎖 Ɍ ߂܂ B l Ǝ H Z Ƃ͐̂ 炨 t Ē Ă ̂ŁA C S m ꂽ ɗ Ǝv Ă ܂ B v ̒i K CG Ē A ŗ z ̉Ƃ Ă邱 Ƃ o ܂ B ~ ͒g A Ă͕ ʂ A G A R ͉ x ł B q B t g ɍ t ̃x b h ̂Ŗ` S t ŁA F B 悭 Ă ŁA Ă ܂ B ɂ ɍH ̂ ̕ ܂ A ǂ A ƂĂ C ɓ Ă ܂ B z ȏ ̓ C ł B
A 0 3 2 7 < / @b c 4 > d 5 02?B a a Z w l h h b e b g _ l f _ g y o h l y l w d k l j Z ^ b j h \ Z l v" O h l y l \ _ j g m l v f _ g y ò \ D b l Z c q l h u _ s z h e v r _ e x ^ _ c i h e m q b e b A Z d h g bTo show that f is not onto, we need to find y ∈ Z such that there does not exist x ∈ X with f(x) = y However, this is straight forward we can take y = 2 Then if f(x) = 2x1 = 2, then x = 1/2 ∈/ Z Example 24 Define f Z → Z by f(n) = n5 Show that f is onto Suppose that y ∈ Z is an arbitrary integer We need to show that there
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Curl The second operation on a vector field that we examine is the curl, which measures the extent of rotation of the field about a point Suppose that F represents the velocity field of a fluid Then, the curl of F at point P is a vector that measures the tendency of particles near P to rotate about the axis that points in the direction of this vector The magnitude of the curl vector at PContinuous random variables We de ned the conditional density of X given Y to be fXjY (xjy) = fX;Y (x;y) fY (y) Then P(a X bjY = y) = Z b a fX;Y (xjy)dx Conditioning on Y = y is conditioning on an event with probability zero This is not de ned, so we make sense of the left side above by a limiting procedure P(a X bjY = y) = lim !0 P(a XH 9 = k @ h ;
9 p t u x ;H z ` ;F−1 (V)V∈τ Y ª and ε,δ>0If z∈B(x,δ)∩B(y,ε),then B(z,α) ⊂B(x,δ)∩B(y,ε) (102) where α=min{δ−d(x,z),ε−d(y,z)},see Figure 102 This is a formal consequence of the triangle inequality For example let us show that B(z,α) ⊂
_ M V F T F @ @ P V @ Y D J 1 I I G G 9 I 4 J J 8 9 41 Let A= 1;1;B= 1;1 so that A B= f(x;y) 1 x 1;
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